The US Supreme Court held that taking DNA from those arrested for “serious” offenses is constitutional and is in the same vein as taking fingerprints and photos of arrestees. In Maryland v. King, the Defendant was arrested on a felony and a DNA swab of his mouth revealed he was the previously unknown assailant in a rape case 6 years earlier. He was eventually convicted of the rape charge. That Defendant challenged the constitutionality of his DNA being taken from him without consent pursuant to the 4th Amendment of the Constitution.

The Court held that the DNA swab was not a violation of the 4th Amendment because it was not intrusive as a cotton Q-tip was used to gather saliva from inside the cheek of the arrestee. Also, the DNA was used for the legitimate Government interest of identifying the arrestee so he could be properly housed in the jail based on his threat level which could be ascertained most accurately from DNA revealing his criminal past. The Court held that this legitimate Government interest outweighed the privacy rights of the individual. The Supreme Court limited collection of DNA samples to those arrested for “serious” offenses. The California DNA Collection Act limits collection to those arrested for felonies which seems to be in keeping with the Supreme Court decision.

Notably, the Supreme Court requires the destruction of DNA evidence if the person is not convicted of the offense and DNA evidence may not be entered into a national database unless a conviction occurs.

California courts require that the Defendant give DNA as part of a felony conviction and in Orange County many negotiated dispositions on misdemeanor cases result in the Defendant giving his DNA to the local Orange County DNA data base which may be searched by law enforcement agencies in the state and across the country.

Criminal Law Updates by the Law Offices of Orange County Defense Lawyer William W. Bruzzo (714) 547-4636

Related Articles

• Supreme Court Says Police Can Take DNA Swabs From Arrestees (baltimore.cbslocal.com)
• Police can take DNA swabs from arrestees (kvue.com)

The Orange County District Attorney has been resolving criminal cases by having the Defendant give their DNA in exchange for dismissals of usually minor cases.

This program in Orange County has only been in effect for the last couple of years and had generally been very beneficial to Orange County Defendants facing minor criminal charges such as ‘hit and run’ and ‘petty theft’ in that they can get the case dismissed by offering to give their DNA.

DNA of course refers to Deoxyribonucleicacid which is a macromolecule that exists in every living thing. Because DNA is unique to each person it is used by law enforcement as a means of identifying individuals who may be involved in a crime. If police find a strand of hair, drop of blood or other bodily substance at a crime scene they can test the substance against DNA samples in nationwide data bases. If the person who left the DNA at the crime scene is in the data base then the police will have a ‘hit’ and can investigate that person as someone of interest. Law enforcement can use the presence of DNA to put a particular person at a particular place or in the case of sexual assault cases, the DNA present in semen or other bodily fluids can be used to determine who committed the crime.

DNA has proven to be a very useful tool for law enforcement, as such Tony Rackauckas the Orange County District Attorney, implemented the DNA for dismissal program as a way to build up a local Orange County DNA base which will interface with national data bases.

Some people are hesitant to give their DNA for fear of being mistakenly accused of a crime by some glitch in the system. However, experts say that DNA is like a fingerprint only much more reliable in its uniqueness to each individual. In addition, it is rare that an individual is charged or convicted with DNA alone; usually other evidence is produced to show the likelihood of the individual being present at the scene in addition to the DNA.

DNA has most famously been used to exclude people from having committed crimes. The media reports numerous instances where individuals who were convicted of crimes and already served long sentences are suddenly freed because DNA testing showed that someone else was the culprit. For example, evidence from rape cases that occurred before DNA testing was available can be subject to DNA testing if the court allows the matter to be reopened. Many individuals have been freed because of DNA testing done after the person was sentenced and convicted.

Everyone should be advised however, that once their DNA is in the data base and they subsequently commit a crime their chances of being discovered are much greater.

If you were an avid fan of Seinfeld or if you enjoy watching syndicated Seinfeld reruns, then you will probably remember the famous episode called “The Bookstore.” This is episode 173 from the 9th season, which aired originally April 9, 1998.  Like all Seinfeld episodes, this episode had numerous plotlines, but who can forget when Jerry discovers that Uncle Leo is shoplifting and even Jerry’s parents defend Uncle Leo’s behavior saying something like “it is not stealing, if you need it!” While we might laugh at this over-the-top sitcom, the truth is being accused of shoplifting is no laughing matter. And in California shoplifting is usually charged as petty theft.

Should you be arrested for petty theft in Orange County, California, be sure to seek legal counsel. William Bruzzo is the senior attorney in the Law Offices of William W. Bruzzo and he has been a practicing attorney since 1993. Here is one client’s testimonial regarding being charged with petty theft and his case outcome.

“I was accused of petty theft [a violation of Penal Code Section 484(a)-488 a misdemeanor] and told to appear in the Orange County Superior court. It was alleged that I took an item from Sears without paying for it.

I hired Mr. Bruzzo because of his years of experience in the Orange County courts and his familiarity with all the District Attorneys. I knew that only a lawyer practicing in Orange County for quite some time would be able to get me the result I desired.

I am a nursing school graduate and have hopes of becoming a licensed nurse one day. The criminal charges against me were keeping me from pursuing this dream. Any conviction for a theft offense could have resulted in the end of my career.
Thankfully, Mr. Bruzzo was able to get me a complete DISMISSAL after just a few court appearances. All I had to do was complete a short class and give a DNA sample. Mr. Bruzzo took care of everything from the beginning to the end. Thanks to him, my record is clean.

I am happy to recommend Mr. Bruzzo to anyone facing a criminal charge, especially petty theft.” ~~ MO, June 5, 2009

Many times when we are watching television news or a crime drama we hear the phrases petty theft or grand theft. In most states the value of the stolen item(s) will determine what crime will be charged. In California the most common theft charge is Petty Theft (Penal Code Section 488); this can only be charged as a misdemeanor. It carries a maximum of 1 year in jail. Generally speaking if the item(s) stolen are $400.00 or less then the matter can be charged as a Petty Theft. But you need to understand: A PETTY THEFT VIOLATION WITH A PRIOR PETTY THEFT CONVICTION CAN CAUSE THE NEW CASE TO BE FILED AS A FELONY AND THE CLIENT SENT TO STATE PRISON.

Here is a testimonial from one person who was charged with petty theft in Orange County, California.

“I was accused of petty theft [a violation of Penal Code Section 484(a)-488 a misdemeanor] and told to appear in the Orange County Superior court. It was alleged that I took an item worth over $300.00 from a store without paying for it. The maximum jail sentence for this crime is 6 months in jail. I hired Mr. Bruzzo because of his years of experience in the Orange County courts and his familiarity with all the District Attorneys. I knew that only a lawyer practicing in Orange County for quite some time would be able to get me the result I desired. In addition, as I am not a citizen there would have been serious immigration consequences for me if I had been convicted of this crime. Mr. Bruzzo went to court several times in an effort to negotiate my case. Thankfully, he was able to get me a complete DISMISSAL after just a few court appearances. All I had to do was complete a short class and give a DNA sample. Mr. Bruzzo took care of everything from the beginning to the end. Thanks to him, my record is clean.

I am happy to recommend Mr. Bruzzo to anyone facing a criminal charge, especially petty theft.” ~~ RT August 13, 2009

The LA Times and Orange County Register report that the Orange County crime lab and new DNA database will be reviewed in order to examine if there is a level of bias and to check productivity. John Moorlach a member of the Board of Supervisors commented that “if we’re doing all right they way it is, that’s great to know”. The Sheriff, District Attorney and County Executive Officer are in charge of the crime lab. The District Attorney is in the processes of compiling its own DNA database which it sends to a private laboratory. The DNA is being collected from non-violent offenders as part of their dismissal deal. The idea is that if the person becomes a repeat offender any evidence gathered at a crime scene can then be compared to the database and provide a future match. The District Attorney has also presented a plan to the Board of Supervisors for a DNA collections vehicle which can be used during emergency situations. After a disaster the DNA can be used to identify victims the DA explains. The review coincides with a report from the National Academy of Science which discusses the potential bias of the crime lab since it is run by a police agency.

Some defendants hesitate and even request to be excluded from this DNA requirement. However, the majority of Defendants benefit as they usually receive a dismissal if the District Attorney and the Defendant’s attorney negotiate an agreement whereby the Defendant will submit DNA. Criminal Law Updates by the Law Offices of William W. Bruzzo (714) 547-4636. Mr. Bruzzo represents defendants on all criminal law matters to include Penal Code Section 488 (Petty Theft), Vehicle Code Section 20001(a) (Hit and Run) and Health and Safety Code Section 11377(a) (Possession of a Controlled Substance).