What Happens During a Criminal Investigation in California

If you are under investigation for a crime in California, understanding the criminal investigation process can make a significant difference in protecting your rights and your future. Investigations can range from minor offenses to serious felonies, and the actions you take early can affect the outcome. 

At the Law Offices of William W. Bruzzo, our Orange County criminal defense lawyer guides clients through each step to ensure their rights are fully protected.

How Criminal Investigations Start

Criminal investigations often begin when law enforcement receives a report of alleged criminal activity. This may involve local police, the California Department of Justice, or federal agencies depending on the offense. Investigations can stem from traffic stops, witness reports, online activity, or undercover operations.

Investigators collect evidence through surveillance, interviews, and sometimes search warrants. Under California law (including Penal Code §1523), a search warrant is an order signed by a magistrate commanding law enforcement to seize specific property or evidence. Warrantless searches may still be legal under exceptions such as consent, exigent circumstances, or search incident to arrest.

Your Rights During an Investigation

If you are under investigation, you have the right to remain silent and the right to legal counsel under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. You are not required to answer questions or consent to searches without a valid warrant.

Statements made during an investigation can later be used in court, so having an Orange County criminal defense lawyer present during questioning is essential to protect your rights and limit potential exposure.

Stages of a California Criminal Investigation

Before charges are filed, a criminal investigation in California follows several key steps. Understanding these stages can help you anticipate what law enforcement may do, protect your rights, and prepare a strong defense. 

Each phase, from evidence collection to case review by prosecutors, presents opportunities for legal intervention.

1. Evidence Collection: Law enforcement gathers physical evidence, interviews witnesses, and documents the alleged crime.
2. Suspect Identification: Investigators use fingerprints, surveillance, and phone records to identify potential suspects.
3. Interviews and Interrogations: Witnesses and suspects may be questioned; inconsistencies can be used against individuals in later proceedings. If you are arrested, law enforcement must read you your Miranda rights before custodial interrogation begins.
4. Case Review by Prosecutors: The collected evidence is submitted to the Orange County District Attorney’s Office, which decides whether to file charges, request further investigation, or dismiss the case.

Investigations can last from days to months depending on the offense. Early legal representation allows a Orange County criminal defence attorney to challenge evidence, negotiate with prosecutors, and advocate for your best interests before charges are filed.

Contact an Orange County Criminal Defense Lawyer

The investigation stage is critical in shaping the outcome of a criminal case. At the Law Offices of William W. Bruzzo, we use our 30 years of experience and deep familiarity with Orange County courts to guide clients through questioning, warrants, and pre-filing investigations. Early intervention can sometimes prevent charges from being filed at all.

If you believe you are under investigation or have been contacted by law enforcement, act immediately. Call (714) 547-4636 or contact us online to speak with a dedicated Orange County criminal defense lawyer. We can review your case, explain your rights, and develop a defense strategy to protect your freedom.